INT 1 Task 1 - 1735 Words

Part One Changes in DNA Understanding - a Continuing Process INT - Task 1 Understanding Genetics a Timeline of DNA Science ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  1700’s - it is believed that all traits are acquired. Example - a giraffe has a long neck due to stretching to reach the leaves in the taller trees. 1800’s - Carl Linnaeus classified by visible traits. 1866 - Gregor Mendel, through pea plant breeding and research; discovered that traits are inherited not acquired- before anyone knew or understood anything about â€Å"genes†. He published what he discovered as the â€Å"principles of inheritance† - however, his ideas were not recognized for over 30 years. 1900’s - Mendel’s experiments are rediscovered, confirmed by three researchers and his paper’s are†¦show more content†¦Helens. The Forest Service scientists and collaborators were on the edges of the volcano within 2 weeks of the eruption collecting information and making observations of the volcano and the areas ecology - learning about things science has not had the chance to learn about until this time. Listed below are a few of the things that the eruption of Mount St. Helens has taught taught scientists: ââ€"  This was the first time this type of volcano eruption was actually witnessed and documented in history. In 1956, there was a similar landslide and blast at Bezymianny volcano in Kamchatka, Russia - however, there were no witnesses to document the actual blast. It wasn’t until Mt. St. Helens that it was recognized that the two blasts were the same style of eruption. ââ€"  These â€Å"sector collapse† (the name of this type of eruption) have now been identified at over 200 volcanoes around the world. The detailed studies of the sector collapse, the lateral blast, and the large mudflow of this eruption have led to the reassessment of volcano hazards at other sites around the world. This has given these communities a way to become better prepared for future eruptions. ââ€"  Studies of Mount St. Helens has also demonstrated that volcanic eruptions can be accurately predicted. Lessons Learned After the Eruption of Mount St. Helens ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  Mt. St. Helens has created the ideal natural laboratory for science observations - over the years the growth of a lava dome in theShow MoreRelatedInt Task 1 Essay767 Words   |  4 Pages Visual Organizer for QBT1 Language Comm (V1 Undergrad-1211)-PA TASK 3 Teassa Eubanks WGU Student ID #270035 July 25, 2013 Works Cited Jackson, J. (2013). Learning Environments For Homeschooling: EzineArticles.com Retrieved July 25, 2013 from http://ezinearticles.com/?Learning-Environments-For-Homeschoolingid=2286248 Wenner, M. (2008). Study: Religion is Good for Kids: Live Science Read MoreAssignment Notes : Public Class Benchmarking Techniques714 Words   |  3 Pagesassignment unit 1; import java.util.*; public class BenchmarkingSortingAlgorithms { // Here I compute banchmarks of two different sorting techniques intmaxArraySize=10000; // Array Size int[] sortingArray1 = new int[maxArraySize]; // First Array int[] sortingArray2 = new int[maxArraySize]; // Second Array public BenchmarkingSortingAlgorithms(){ //The class Constructor for (int i = 0; i sortingArray1.length; i++) { // Fill two arrays with the same random numbers. sortingArray1[i]=(int)(IntegerRead MoreWhat Input Will Be Entered Into A Program : Program Analysis976 Words   |  4 Pagespurchased by the customer. What calculations will be performed by the program. List and explain them in the table below. Calculation Explanation Adult  £10.30*1 (price multiply by number of tickets) The Calculation for adult ticket. Senior citizen  £ 10.30*0.80=8.24*1 The calculation for senior citizen ticket. Children 10.30/2 =5.15*1(price multiply by number of tickets) The calculation for children ticket. multiply tickets 10.30*2 +5.15*2+8.24 Calculation for multiply tickets What will be outputRead MoreEssay on Homework Week 2758 Words   |  4 PagesCOMP122 Week 1 Homework Part 1: Complete the following problems. 1. What is machine code? Why is it preferable to write programs in a high level language such as C++? Machine code it the language that the computer understands. High level languages are better because they are easier to understand and work with. 2. What does a compiler do? What kinds of errors are reported by a compiler? A compiler translates one computer language into another. It also pics up errors in the program beingRead MoreEssay Inch and Lt1087 Words   |  5 PagesCOMP122 Week 1 Homework Part 1: Complete the following problems. 1. What is machine code? Why is it preferable to write programs in a high level language such as C++? A: The machine code is the language which the computer hardware understands and executes. It is preferable to write programs in a high level language such as C ++ because it is much easier to understand and learn this machine language. 2. What does a compiler do? What kinds of errors are reported by a compiler? A: A computerRead MoreA Study Of Current System Essay1038 Words   |  5 Pages2.1: Study of current system The current system consists of manually carrying out all the tasks such as : telephonic communications regarding need of blood, : searching the blood from storage, : retrieving the required blood group, : performing necessary documentations and : delivering the blood. This raises the cost and time required to a considerable extent. Moreover, the efficiency is reduced . Sometimes, due to technical errors the blood delivered may be unhealthy but still it is givenRead MorePatient Billing software srs1594 Words   |  7 PagesCharacteristics 2.6 Constraints 2.7 Use Case Model Description 2.8 Class Diagram 2.9 Sequence Diagram 2.10 Database Design 2.10.1 ER Diagram 2.11 Assumptions and Dependencies 3.0 Specific Requirements 3.1 Use Case Reports Software Requirements Specification 1. Introduction: 1.1 Purpose: The Software is for the automation of Patient Billing. The Software includes:Maintaining Patient details. Providing Prescription details. Providing and maintaining all kinds of tests for a patient. Billing and Report generationRead MoreEssay on Java767 Words   |  4 Pagesfuture, in the year 2016, the cable news empire has fallen, and former talking heads have stooped to running for political office. In fact, five former talk show stars are running for President of the United States, and locked in a close race. Your task is to design and implement a set of classes that process a collection of Integer objects, corresponding to votes for each candidate. The integers are stored in a queue by a driver. In particular, the following code must compile error free and executeRead MoreJava Essay797 Words   |  4 Pagesfuture, in the year 2016, the cable news empire has fallen, and former talking heads have stooped to running for political office. In fact, five former talk show stars are running for President of the United States, and locked in a close race. Your task is to design and implement a set of classes that process a collection of Integer objects, corresponding to votes for each candidate. The integers are stored in a queue by a driver. In particular, the following code must compile error free and executeRead MoreCs 315 Lab21281 Words   |  6 Pagesfollowing questions. Hint: You can either find the answer from the textbook or from the Internet. *You need to write the procedure that is necessary to accomplish the tasks listed below. Test to see if your answers are correct and type your correct answer under each question. Upload your finished lab document to the dropbox. 1. Use the ls command to list the contents of the root file system directory (/) on your system. ls / 2. Use the ls -l command to view the contents of the root file

Violence In Films Essay - 720 Words

Violence In Films In this essay I am going to compare 3 scenes of violence from 3 different genres and analyse their certifications and effects on young people and whether children are finding ways of viewing secretly, or are being allowed to see, too much violence in films, T.V or through any other median. There has always been violence in films, and there has always been public debate along with it, but as the violence becomes more shocking and more accessible to young people is violence in films becoming more of an issue? Or are we becoming less easily shocked and therefore less worried about violence in films and its effect on young people? Is violence less shocking when it is†¦show more content†¦He then, along with Trinity, takes on the agents whilst cart wheeling and leaping stylishly. Everything suggests that it is all very easy for him. We see him shooting with 2 hands whilst rolling to avoid shots aimed at him. They both come out unscathed and not even out of breath and both keep an ice-cool persona throughout the scene. Saving Private Ryan certificate 15 was made in1999 and was directed by Steven Spielberg and stars Tom Hanks and Matt Damon. In the opening scenes we see American soldiers coming into land on a cargo ship. There is no music and all you can hear is the sound of gunfire and the last screams of dieing men. You see the men on the ship in a realistic light; they are terrified. Their hands are shaking, their whole bodies are shivering and the viewer feels a real sense of tension. When we first see Hanks we just see his shaking hand, his apprehension embodied, and although he is the hero in this film we are seeing him in a human light. As the camera pulls away from Hanks we see men being physically sick and crying. As the front of the transporter goes down people are immediately being shot and blood is going everywhere. The camera used is simple and it looks as though the person filming was just someone ordinary that was there, it gives a documentary type of feel. It does not try toShow MoreRelated Violence on Film Essay2304 Words   |  10 Pagesexploration of role of violence and aggression within society ( Lusted 16). Furthermore, at the source of this examination is the â€Å"Gunfighter† Western, which centers the focus of the genre to a more individualized and intimate perspective. Accordingly, films such as Henry King’s The Gunfighter (1950) and David Cronanberg’s A History Of Violence (2004) can be observed as examples of this focus. However, while both King and Cronenberg successfully explore the concepts of violence and aggression withinRead More Is Violence in Films Responsible For Childrens Agressive Behavior?1021 Words   |  5 PagesIs Violence in Films Responsible For Childrens Agressive Behavior? Violence on screen is often offered to the young population, which responds to it in so different ways. Childrens psychological development is based on social experiences and imitations. Children are influenced either by their families (direct source of influence) or by their surroundings (indirect source of influence). The question I will be exploring is the responsibility of the violence in films in children’s aggressiveRead MoreRaiders of the Lost Ark and Film Violence Essay747 Words   |  3 Pagesbuttons† of violence – â€Å"creative elements that filmmakers use to manipulate viewers’ reactions to onscreen violence.† (99) These elements, posited by researchers conducting The National Television Violence Study (Valenti, 99) are â€Å"choice of perpetrator, choice of victim, presence of consequences, rewards and punishments, the reason for the violence, weapons, realism, use of humor, and prolonged exposure† (Valenti, 100) . Raiders of the Lost Ark is a violent, yet well loved film which wouldRead More Pointless Violence in the Movie (Film), Natural Born Killers566 Words   |  3 PagesPointless Violence in the Movie (Film), Natural Born Killers Daily, the public is bombarded with violence, not only on television, but also in other media, such as newspapers and tabloids. Natural Born Killers, a prime example of violence in the media, is a movie about two lovers, Mickey and Mallory Knox, who go on a killing spree across the Southwest. The movie takes a satirical look at how the media romanticizes violent crimes. Natural Born Killers has sparked a lot of controversy, as seenRead MoreAmerican Violence – a Critical Film Analysis of No Country for Old Men1940 Words   |  8 PagesRosalind Harrell Film 1010 Final Paper American Violence – A Critical Film Analysis of No Country For Old Men A violent contract killer, a blue-collar welder, and a weary sheriff are all players in the ensemble No Country for Old Men. The Coen Brothers adaptation of the novel written by Cormac McCarthy is a multi-genre, visual buffet about a man’s strength of will and dedication. It’s about death, fate and American violence. It is set in 1980 and centers around the chaos of questionableRead More Comparing Burgess and Drapers Theory of Family Violence and the Film, The Burning Bed2097 Words   |  9 PagesComparing Burgess and Drapers Theory of Family Violence and the Film, The Burning Bed    I.   Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Burgess and Draper argue coercive patterns of family interaction represent the principal causal pathway that connects ecological instability to violence within families.   They maintain this raises the possibility that some of the common correlates of such violence are themselves reactions to sudden or chronic ecological instability.   For example, alcoholism, depression, and anxietyRead MoreFilm Review: Shane995 Words   |  4 PagesGeorge Stevens 1953 film Shane is notable for a number of reasons, from its grand cinematography to its ambiguous ending, but perhaps the most striking thing about the film is its treatment of violence. In particular, the film uses the story of the mysterious gunfighter Shane to chart the gradual irrelevance of this kind of violence in the aftermath of the Civil War, and in some ways one can imagine that the film itself is attempting to recover from the violence of World War II. By examining someRead MoreRole of Violence in the Hist ory of Cinema987 Words   |  4 PagesViolence plays a major role in the history of cinema. Both Alfred Hitchcock and Quentin Tarantino have produced a litany of films that have imagery or plots that include violent acts. However, their different directorial visions and styles make it so that Hitchcock and Tarantino films are nothing alike. This is because Hitchcocks objective was to make the audience feel afraid, tense, and anxious for the protagonist, whereas Tarantinos objective is to illustrate the absurdity of violence by elevatingRead MoreMovie Analysis : Gun Violence1287 Words   |  6 Pageswith numerous different acts of violence. Of the eight types of violence counted in the film, gun violence was the most prominent type of violence with eighty-six acts of gun violence throughout the film. Any time a weapon was drawn or shots were fired it was counted as gun violence. The next most common type of violence in the film was physical violence, with seventy-six incidents, whi ch involved any hitting, kicking or pushing. There were nineteen acts of violence with a weapon other than a gunRead More Criteria for Evaluating Media Violence Essay1530 Words   |  7 PagesCriteria for Evaluating Media Violence      Ã‚  Ã‚   In a famous speech in 1995, Bob Dole, in an effort to gain more conservative support for his impending Republican Presidential Nomination, unleashed a damning indictment of the movie industry, seemingly unprovoked and somewhat puzzling. (Lacayo) Doles speech and especially the rebuttals to it raise many questions central to the debate over violence in film: is violence destructive to impressionable viewers, is violence critical to the success of the

International Survey of Older Adults †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the International Survey of Older Adults. Answer: Introduction: Patient centered care is one of the best when it comes to ensuring safe communication with the patient during health assessment. It based on various principles such as respect, choice, dignity, transparency, empathy, and autonomy. There is the desire to assist people to lead their desired life. Patient centered care has to involve the families, the patient, as well as the healthcare professionals (Osborn et al., 2014). The healthcare professionals tend to be self-aware, ethical, have a sense of responsibility, act with morality and are open minded. The patient-centered clinicians tend to be: informative and involve the patients as they care for them, they stimulate the preferences of the patient, they ensure there is a lot of support for self-management and care. They also give communication on probabilities and risks, and maintain the dignity of the patient among other things. They are sensitive to spiritual and non-medical care dimensions and share all the decisions on treatment. Apparently, documentation is any electronically or written lawful patient records on any interactions between them and the healthcare professionals. They include evaluating, discovering the health problems, preparing, enforcing and assessing of their care. MIS (management information systems) tend to provide the required database to record the information. (Kourkouta, Papathanasiou, 2014). Their aim is to create a condusive environment that accounts for accuracy, timeliness, security, privacy, confidential recording, and use of particular information of the patient. The outcome of this system is expected to be cost effective, provide quality information, be efficient, and be used to deliver quality care to the patients. It is the duty of the nurse to update the required forms and documents to avoid errors while delivering health care. Nurses tend to record the patients personal information, their health progress and care, medical history, and also compile any other health related in formation. The recording manner reflects the particular policies that have been set by the health facility where the nurses work at. According to Stein-parbury (2013), verbal communication is the exchange of information through the use of words and it can either be written or spoken. Verbal communication incorporates what we talk or compose, and furthermore how something is stated: regardless of whether the tone or volume coordinates the message; whether inviting words are said in a touchy pitch or single word or expression is underlined above others. (Kourkouta, Papathanasiou, 2014). Tone, pitch, volume, stops, familiarity and speed of discourse intentionally or unwittingly add extra significance to words. Up close and personal communication includes an association between talked words and non-verbal communication. The audience 'translates' these, subsequent in the receipt of planned and unintended messages. In your cooperations, you will 'read' patients and translate what is said and what is implied, in conjunction with non-verbal communication and other non-verbal signs. Patients thus will 'read' you intentio nally or unwittingly. References Kourkouta, L., Papathanasiou, I. V. (2014). Communication in nursing practice.Materia socio-medica,26(1), 65. Osborn, R., Moulds, D., Squires, D., Doty, M. M., Anderson, C. (2014). International survey of older adults finds shortcomings in access, coordination, and patient-centered care.Health Affairs,33(12), 2247-2255.

Employment Contracts

Question: Outline and explain the contents of employment contracts and the legal liabilities of managers and directors. Demonstrate the ways in which European Union law affects the conduct of business in the United Kingdom. Identify and explain the main sources of law affecting businesses and policies relating to customers, related companies and employment. Answer: Employment Contracts Sources in an Employment Contract It is not necessary that employment contract should only be one document. There are various terms that can be incorporated into an employment contract from various sources and it can either be verbal or written. Terms which have been mentioned in a contract explicitly are express terms which can either be verbal or written and the parties have agreed upon them same. These include the description of the job, working hours, sick pay, wages, description of the job and notice. There are a number of different in which these terms may be found such as employment particulars written statement, Handbook of the staff, pay slip, advertisement of jobs and most obviously the employment contract in the writing itself (Honeyball, 2006). There are certain conditions and terms that are implied into an employment contract by way of common law, practice or custom. There, for example, exists a duty of confidence and trust between employee and employer in all relationships (Sella, 2015). If there is the breach of that fundamental trust, then a claim of action may follow. In the case of an employee, it would be the constructive dismissal claim. There are various other types of implied terms which can include in the decision of the employer for the payment of bonus each year or a redundancy that is enhanced in the pay; this could give rise to the practice and custom of receiving of these kinds of benefits (Levine, 2002). As an employee there exists a common-law duty of care (McClelland, n.d.). Meaning thereby that with respect to his relationship with his colleagues and the employer it is essential for the employee to exercise care and skill that is reasonable. The Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 in addition also requires that reasonable care has to be taken for the safety and health of the other people at work as well the employee himself. This also extends to co-operating with the employer to ensure that he is able to fulfill the legal duty that he has. Duties of Employee under Common Law Under the common law the duty of the employee, is to ensure that reasonable care of safety and health of his employees, as well as himself, is taken which can be affected by what they are doing or not doing during the course of employment. Cooperation with the employer on matters relating to safety and health are also important. The equipments that have been provided for the purposes of safety should not in any manner be misused. The instruction from the employer with respect to safety and health are required to followed and relevant training with respect safety and health to be attended. Any defects or hazards at the workplace is required to be reported. There should not be any obstruction or interference with what has been provided for the safety and health at the place of work (Dabscheck and Riley, 2006). There is an implied obligation under common law which is owed by the employee for obeying orders that are reasonable and the law of the employer. In the case of Barber v. RJB mining, it had been opined that there is statutory safety and health standards that the courts have accepted which may circumscribe the common law right of the employer for giving orders that have an effect that is endangering the employee. Duties of an Employer under Common Law The main duties under the common law of the employer are with respect to the safety and health of the employees. These include the duty of care which means that it is necessary for the employer to take care of the safety of the employee which is reasonable, avoiding the exposure of the person to risk that are not necessary to ensure that work system is safe (Worksmart.org.uk, 2016). The second is employers duty to maintain confidence and trust that is mutual. The employer must not without any proper and reasonable cause behave in a way which is likely or calculated for destroying or damaging seriously the relationship of confidence and trust with the employer. This duty, in particular, puts an obligation on the employers for ensuring that they are treated at work with dignity, and to deal with complaints of the employers in a manner that serious and fair. Lord Writght in the case of Wilson Clyde Coal Co Ltd v English [1938] AC 57 gave the duty's exposition which is a landmark. The p laintiff in this was a miner who had been injured in the coal mine of the defendant (Wilson Clyde Coal Co Ltd v English, [1938]). It was while traveling through the pit at the end of the shift for the say that a haulage plant which was in motion crushed him. During the time of traveling this equipment should ideally have been stopped. The employer of the defendant placed an argument that the duty had been discharging since they were providing a system of work that was safe by appointment of a qualified and competent managed. The employers it was opined by the Court were liable. There could not be avoidance of the duty of providing a system that is safe for working only by the appointment of an employee who is competent. There was three key area that was deduced by the House of Lords in this case which provides that the employer needs to provide staff that is safety conscious and competent, safe equipment and plant that is adequate and a system of work that is safe. Equality Act Scope and Structure of Equality Act There are a total 116 different legislation pieces that have been brought together by the Equality Act, and one single Act has been formed. This new act combined provides for a legal framework for the protection of individuals' rights and ensuring that equality of opportunity is advanced for everyone. The intent of the act is for strengthening, harmonizing and simplifying the legislation that is in existence at present and providing a new law against discrimination to Britain which will ensure that individuals are protected from treatment that is unfair and promote a society that is equal and fair. The main nine pieces of legislations that merged together are the Race Relations Act 1976, the Sex Discrimination Act 1975, the Disability Discrimination Act 1995, the Employment Equality (Sexual Orientation) Regulations 2003, the Equal Pay Act 1970, the Employment Equality (Age) Regulations 2006, the Employment Equality (Religion or Belief) Regulations 2003, the Equality Act (Sexual Orientation) Regulations 2007 and the Equality Act 2006, Part 2 (Wadham, 2010). The provision of employment of the Act reflects largely the present law and all workers have been covered under it. The scope of the Act as the present legislation is wide enough so as that it extends to those people as well who are not employees necessarily for protection against discrimination. The contract workers could be included in this and, even in few circumstances, the volunteers as well. The Equality Acts introduction harmonizes, brings together and in some ways extends the law of equality that is in existence. The aim of the Equality Act is to make the law more clear, consistent and easy to be followed so that the society can be made fair. The Equality Act also includes other provisions, including the new concept of dual discrimination, an extended public sector Equality Duty and a prohibition on age discrimination in services and public functions. The Act has two main purposes to harmonize discrimination law, and to strengthen the law to support progress on equality. The Act consists of 16 Parts and 28 Schedules (Legislation.gov.uk, 2016). Different Types of Discrimination There are seven main areas which have been detailed in the Equality Act to be discriminatory behavior (Gov.uk, 2016). The first being that of Direct Discrimination, this type of discrimination occurs when a person is treated in a manner that is less favorable as compared to other people because of the protected characteristics they are thought to have, or they have or because of their association with people who have protected characteristics (Butler, n.d.). The second being that of Associative Discrimination, this is already in the application for Religion, Sexual Orientation, and Race. This now extends under the Act to cover Disability, Age, Sex and Gender Reassignment. This would be against someone a direct discrimination if they are associated with a person who possesses characteristics that are protected. The third is that of Perspective Discrimination; this is already in the application for Race, Age, Sexual Orientation and Belief or Religion. This has been extended under this Act to Cover Gender Reassignment, Sex and Disability. This, however, is discrimination that is direct towards an individual because they are of an opinion that the person possesses particular characteristics which is protected. Even if a person does not actually possess such characteristics, this would still be applicable (Discrimination at work, 2010). The four is that of Indirect Discrimination, this type of discrimination is applicable already to Race, Age, Belief, Religion, Sexual Orientation, Marriage, Civil Partnership and Sex. However, under the Equality Act, it has been extended to cover Gender Reassignment and Disability. When there is the rule, condition, policy or even an organizational practice that is applicable everybody except for the people with protected for who it would be disadvantageous, then it would be indirect discrimination. Harassment is another type of discrimination that has been covered. It is a conduct that is unwanted and relates to the protected characteristics that are relevant, which has the effect or purpose of violation of the dignity of an individual or creating an environment which is intimidation, degrading, offensive or hostile for the individual. There can now be complain from the employee of any behavior which according to them is offensive even if the same has not been directed to them and it is not necessary for them to posses the characteristics that are relevant themselves. There is also protection of employees from harassment due to association or perception (Waughray and Dhanda, 2016). Another type of discrimination is Third Party Harassment; this is already applicable to Sex. However now it is expected to cover Disability, Age, Race, Gender Reassignment, Sexual Orientation, Belief or Religion. There is a potential liability on the employers under the Equality Act for the employees harassment by third parties who are not the companys employees, such as clients or customers. The final type of discrimination is victimization, this occurs when there is a bad treatment of the employee because of their supporting or making a complaint or raising under the Equality Act a grievance; or because they have been suspected of doing the same. There has been the amendment of victimization' definition under the Equality Act so that it does not any longer point towards a comparator (Griffith, 2010). Action of Employers to Ensure Compliance It is important for the employers to ensure that all their new and existing procedures and policies are compatible with the duties which have been assigned to them under the Equality Act 2010. For example, the equal opportunities and recruitment policy of the organization must state clearly that any discrimination either indirect or direct in recruitment or employment due to any of the protected characteristics mentioned under the Act would be unlawful. These characteristics would be that of disability, age, civil partnership and marriage, gender reassignment, maternity and pregnancy, belief or religion, race, sexual orientation and sex. Where it is relevant it is necessary to include the concepts of perspective and associative discrimination in the policies. With respect to drafting and reviewing of employment contracts, there must be awareness in the employee that a clause for pay secrecy which the employee's contract of employment contains would not been enforceable in the case wh ere there is pay discussion that is relevant which the employee is involved in (Griffith, 2010). It is essential for employers to ensure that there is awareness in the line managers for the requirement and need of preventing any kind of harassment of the employees. The recruitment or management staff that is involved in related procedure should be provided training with respect to the Act's main provision, and the process of recruitment should be reviewed and where necessary amended for ensuring that it is in compliance with the provisions of the Act. European Law Source of European Law The treaties are the primary source of European Law, which are European Unions bases. There are mainly three documents that are required to be considered, the Single European Act 1986, Treaty on European Union 1992 and also the 1997 draft Treaty of Amsterdam (Nentwich and Falkner, n.d.) and The Treaty of Rome 1957.there are European Committees Acts of 1972, 1986 and 1993 which are corresponding that ensure that as UK Law these treaties take effect (Panara and Becker, 2011). The sources of law that are secondary are the laws which have been made under these treaties, the Treaty of Rome especially. These comprise of: Regulations, these are applicable directly and binding meaning thereby that it is not required by the national legislations to implement them in all the states that are a member, they would apply to it directly. In the case of conflict between a national law which is in existence already, it would be the regulation that shall prevail. Directives, these are the member states requirement to change the law that is national within a period of time which has been stated so that effect could be given to the said directive. The Directives in the UK under the European Communities Act 1972 can be implemented by either delegated legislation or statute. Examples of these are the European Parliaments Directive 95/46/EC and on October 24th, 1995 the Councils on individuals protection with respect to personal data processing and such datas free movement and also the European Parliaments and of the Council on May 20th, 1997 Directive 97/7/EC on the consumer protection with respect to the Distance Contracts. Court of Justices Decisions, to whom these are addressed these would be binding on those parties, whether they are individuals or member states. For example the judgment in the case of Interporc v Commission, T-124/96 judgment of 1998-02-06 this was in connection with the laws that govern the institutions, Commission v SpainC-92/96, judgment of 1998-02-12 which was in respect to consumers and Environment. In the case of C-249/96Lisa Jacqueline Grant v South-West Trains Ltd(No 03/98) in which the court had opined that the equal pay rules of the treaty does not cover the discrimination that has been based on sexual orientation. Opinions and Recommendations, these do not have any force that is binding, but merely the institution's view is stated by it such as the commission which issues them. For example, the Advocate General Fennelly's opinion which was delivered on February 5th, 1998 in the case of Commission of the European Communities v Council of the European Union. Directives and their Impact on the Functions of Business in UK 92/85/EEC The primary objective which was there for the implementation of this directive was to ensure that safety and health of women who are pregnant and working are ensured or a worker who have given birth to a baby recently or a worker who already has a baby and is still breast feeding the baby. The pregnant woman under this directive is not supposed to work in any situation or place which can be termed as dangerous (Osha.europa.eu, 2016). The businesses in the UK were impacted due to the implementation of the new right on April 6th, 2003 which was introduced under the maternity and paternal leave (Amendment) Regulations 2002 under which a worker who is pregnant would be allowed to take a leave for 26 weeks even though they might not have worked for that long a period. If the situation wherein the woman has worked continuously for 26 weeks then in that case extra leave can be taken by her. However, she will not be paid for it. The statutory maternity pays regulations 2006 requires that all woman are allowed to take leave up to a period 52 weeks (Toshkov, 2008). 2000/78/EC This directive is an anti-discriminatory directive which relates to religion, belief, sexual orientation, age and establishing a framework in general for ensuring that in employment there is the equal treatment which is ensured. In this directive, 21 articles have been spread across 4 chapters. In this directive, Articles 4 to 8 are very important since they deal with requirements of the occupation and accommodating persons who are disabled. There has to be the justification of treatment based on grounds of positive action, age and requirements that are minimum for the worker in the place of work. The second chapter deals with the enforcement and remedies (Eur-lex.europa.eu, 2016). The impact that this directive has had on businesses is that the businesses now need to ensure that their work place adopts equal treatment for its employees, and there is protection fo employee's rights as well the employer's rights and to ensure that there is no discrimination either indirect or direct which is done. References Butler, D. (n.d.).Equality and anti-discrimination law. Commission v Spain[1988]C-92/96. Dabscheck, B. and Riley, J. (2006). Employee Protection at Common Law.Labour History, (91), p.227. Discrimination at work. (2010). LRD. Eur-lex.europa.eu. 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Rediscovering the Contract of Employment for Non-Standard Workers in the UK Common Law.SSRN Electronic Journal. Nentwich, M. and Falkner, G. (n.d.). The Treaty of Amsterdam: Towards a New Institutional Balance.SSRN Electronic Journal. Osha.europa.eu. (2016).Directive 92/85/EEC - pregnant workers - Safety and health at work - EU-OSHA. [online] Available at: https://osha.europa.eu/en/legislation/directives/10 [Accessed 4 Aug. 2016]. Panara, C. and Becker, A. (2011).The role of the regions in the EU governance. Berlin: Springer. Sella, A. (2015). 2015/19 Successfully appealed pre-transfer dismissal revives employment contract retroactively, causing contract to transfer (UK).European Employment Law Cases, 0(0). Toshkov, D. (2008). Embracing European Law: Compliance with EU Directives in Central and Eastern Europe.European Union Politics, 9(3), pp.379-402. Wadham, J. (2010).Blackstone's guide to the Equality Act 2010. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Waughray, A. and Dhanda, M. (2016). Ensuring protection against caste discrimination in Britain: Should the Equality Act 2010 be extended?.International Journal of Discrimination and the Law. Wilson Clyde Coal Co Ltd v English[1938]AC 57. Worksmart.org.uk. (2016).What are my employer's common-law duties? | workSMART. [online] Available at: https://worksmart.org.uk/health-advice/health-and-safety/employee-rights/what-are-my-employers-common-law-duties [Accessed 4 Aug. 2016].